Professional EPC Contractor and USR Process for Thailand POME Treatment

Thailand ranks among the world's leading palm oil producers, with mills concentrated in the southern provinces of Surat Thani, Krabi, and Chumphon. As the industry faces increasing pressure to meet international sustainability standards, effective POME Treatment becomes critical for environmental compliance and renewable energy generation. This article examines how a professional EPC Contractor like Center Enamel delivers comprehensive POME Treatment using the Upflow Solids Reactor (USR) Process combined with Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) Tanks, enabling Thai mills to convert high-strength organic wastewater into renewable biogas while achieving environmental compliance.

Thailand's palm oil industry generates substantial POME during the extraction of crude palm oil from fresh fruit bunches (FFBs). Three main production steps generate the bulk of this wastewater: rinsing of fresh fruit bunches, clarification of extracted crude palm oil including the pressing station, separation, and clarification stages, and pressing of empty fruit bunches (EFB). Processing every ton of FFBs results in the mill discharging 0.7–1 m³ of POME. Fresh POME is hot at temperatures of 60–80°C, acidic with a pH of 3.3–4.6, and is a thick, brownish liquid with high solids, oil and grease, COD, and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Since POME contains a considerable amount of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, it can make a good fertilizer for palm oil plantations, but mill operators must pre-treat POME before they can apply it to farmland.

Effective POME Treatment in Thailand follows a systematic process designed to protect water resources while recovering renewable energy. The treatment begins with a mechanical bar screen that removes large suspended solids and floating objects in wastewater, effectively preventing subsequent equipment from being blocked and damaged. A horizontal flow oil separator is specially used to remove grease and oil from wastewater, adopting a horizontal flow design and effectively reducing the burden on subsequent treatment units by setting reasonable residence time. A regulating tank balances flow fluctuations, temperature variations, and pH levels, creating consistent conditions for anaerobic digestion. The conditioned wastewater then enters the USR reactor where microorganisms break down organic matter in an oxygen-free environment, producing methane-rich biogas. Following digestion, treated effluent undergoes further stabilization before being safely applied to farmland as fertilizer.

The Upflow Solids Reactor (USR) Process is an advanced anaerobic digestion technology specifically engineered to treat organic wastewater with solid content (TS: 3%~6%), making it an ideal match for raw POME. The volume of the USR is determined according to the volumetric load, which should be determined according to the type of medium, temperature, and removal efficiency. Under medium temperature digestion, the volumetric load of POME should be 3~5 kg COD/(m³·d). The USR tank body should be vertical and cylindrical, with air-tightness roofs. Inside the reactor, wastewater is distributed through a water distribution system and flows upward through a solid bed where anaerobic microorganisms digest organic material. The treated effluent exits through an outlet, while excess sludge is discharged from the solid bed sludge discharge system. A gas holder collects the biogas produced during digestion. The USR Process achieves high COD removal rates while offering stable biogas production even with fluctuating feed conditions.

Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) Tanks provide the ideal containment solution for POME Treatment systems in Thailand's tropical environment. After firing at 820°C–930°C high temperature, the molten glass reacts with the steel plate surface to form an inert and inorganic bond, which combines the strength and flexibility of steel and outstanding corrosion resistance of glass. This double coating layer structure (2C2F) protects both interior and exterior faces with ground coating and surface coating applied to each side. GFS tanks are widely used in bio-energy, potable water storage, municipal sewage, landfill leachate, industrial wastewater treatment, and other applications. The Glass-Fused-to-Steel technology is the premium coating technology in the storage tanks market, and GFS tanks are certified to WRAS, FDA, ISO, NSF, and EN ISO 28765 standards. Their modular, bolted assembly enables fast on-site erection without welding, with a service life exceeding 30 years.

Thailand's palm oil mills benefit from diverse storage and cover solutions tailored to specific treatment requirements. Center Enamel offers GFS Tanks providing superior corrosion resistance for aggressive environments. Galvanized Steel Tanks deliver tough, wear-resistant protection through a galvanizing process. Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) Tanks, developed with AkzoNobel, provide innovative coating technology. High-quality AISI 304/316 Stainless Steel Tanks meet stringent requirements for demanding applications. Cover options include Aluminum Geodesic Dome Roofs for corrosion resistance and broad span capabilities; Glass-Fused-to-Steel Roofs for air-tight pressurized structures suitable for odor control; Single and Double Membrane Roofs optimized for anaerobic digestion and biogas collection; Aluminum Alloy Trough Deck Roofs for economical water storage; Stainless Steel Roofs for superior anti-corrosion performance; and FRP Roofs for non-air-tight applications.

Comprehensive POME Treatment requires integrated supporting equipment for reliable operation. Gas Holders provide safe, dependable biogas storage. Lagoons/Black Membrane systems offer economical large-capacity storage for treated effluent. Hot Water Boilers maintain optimal digestion temperatures. Emergency Torch Systems ensure safe biogas pressure management. Lifting Pumps are specifically designed for handling high-solids wastewater. Dehydration and Desulfurization Tanks purify biogas by removing moisture and corrosive hydrogen sulfide. Screw Sludge Dewatering Machines provide efficient solid-liquid separation, minimizing sludge volume and disposal costs. Each equipment component contributes to a complete, efficient treatment system that maximizes energy recovery from POME.

Center Enamel serves as a trusted EPC Contractor delivering comprehensive POME Treatment solutions for Thailand's palm oil industry. The company provides full engineering, procurement, and construction services, managing projects from concept through commissioning. With certifications including CE/EN1090, ISO 9001, NSF61, WRAS, and EN28765, quality assurance is maintained throughout project execution. Design standards incorporate AWWA D103, OSHA, EN28765, and EuroCode requirements. Center Enamel's comprehensive approach includes:

• Site assessment and characterization studies adapted to Thailand's tropical conditions
• Selection of appropriate anaerobic technology (USR for high-solids applications)
• Detailed engineering of USR reactors, tanks, and auxiliary systems
• Civil and mechanical construction management
• Equipment installation and system integration
• Biological startup and performance testing
• Operator training for ongoing operation
• Comprehensive after-sales support

POME Treatment in Thailand represents an important opportunity for sustainable development. GFS Tanks provide robust containment for the USR Process with exceptional corrosion resistance and rapid installation. The USR Process achieves high organic removal efficiency while producing biogas for power generation or boiler fuel. As a professional EPC Contractor, Center Enamel delivers complete one-stop solutions enabling Thai palm oil mills to meet environmental regulations, generate renewable energy, and create long-term economic value through the circular economy approach to organic waste management.